package com.nowcoder.topic.tree.middle;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;

/**
 * NC162 二叉树中和为某一值的路径(三)
 * @author d3y1
 */
public class NC162 {
    private int cnt = 0;

    /**
     * 代码中的类名、方法名、参数名已经指定，请勿修改，直接返回方法规定的值即可
     *
     *
     * @param root TreeNode类
     * @param sum int整型
     * @return int整型
     */
    public int FindPath (TreeNode root, int sum) {
        // return solution1(root, sum);
        // return solution2(root, sum);
        return solution3(root, sum);
    }

    /**
     * 层序遍历: 自底向上
     * @param root
     * @param sum
     * @return
     */
    private int solution1(TreeNode root, int sum){
        if(root == null){
            return 0;
        }

        int val;

        Queue<QueueNode> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(new QueueNode(root, null));

        QueueNode qNode;
        TreeNode tNode;
        QueueNode currNode;
        while(!queue.isEmpty()){
            qNode = queue.poll();
            tNode = qNode.treeNode;

            currNode = qNode;
            val = 0;
            while(currNode != null){
                val += currNode.treeNode.val;
                if(val == sum){
                    cnt++;
                }
                currNode = currNode.parent;
            }

            if(tNode.left != null){
                queue.offer(new QueueNode(tNode.left, qNode));
            }
            if(tNode.right != null){
                queue.offer(new QueueNode(tNode.right, qNode));
            }
        }

        return cnt;
    }

    private class QueueNode {
        TreeNode treeNode;
        QueueNode parent = null;
        public QueueNode(TreeNode treeNode, QueueNode parent){
            this.treeNode = treeNode;
            this.parent = parent;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 递归: 自顶向下
     * @param root
     * @param sum
     * @return
     */
    private int solution2(TreeNode root, int sum){
        dfs(root, sum);
        return cnt;
    }

    /**
     * dfs: 依次固定根结点
     * @param root
     * @param sum
     */
    private void dfs(TreeNode root, int sum){
        if(root == null){
            return;
        }

        preOrder(root, sum);

        dfs(root.left, sum);
        dfs(root.right, sum);
    }

    /**
     * 前序遍历
     * @param root
     * @param target
     */
    private void preOrder(TreeNode root, int target){
        if(root == null){
            return;
        }

        if(root.val == target){
            cnt++;
        }

        preOrder(root.left, target-root.val);
        preOrder(root.right, target-root.val);
    }

    // preSum -> cnt
    private HashMap<Integer,Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

    /**
     * 递归+哈希: 自底向上
     * @param root
     * @param sum
     * @return
     */
    private int solution3(TreeNode root, int sum){
        map.put(0, 1);
        return preOrder(root, sum, 0);
    }

    /**
     * 前序遍历
     * @param root
     * @param target
     * @param preSum
     * @return
     */
    private int preOrder(TreeNode root, int target, int preSum){
        if(root == null){
            return 0;
        }

        int cnt = 0;
        int curSum = root.val+preSum;
        if(map.containsKey(curSum-target)){
            cnt += map.get(curSum-target);
        }

        map.put(curSum, map.getOrDefault(curSum, 0)+1);
        cnt += preOrder(root.left, target, curSum);
        cnt += preOrder(root.right, target, curSum);
        map.put(curSum, map.get(curSum)-1);

        return cnt;
    }

    private class TreeNode {
        int val = 0;
        TreeNode left = null;
        TreeNode right = null;
        public TreeNode(int val){
            this.val = val;
        }
    }
}